![]() 1 shows the flow chart of the cylinder making by EME processes. Electromechanical engraving has worked successfully for decades with organic solvent-based inks. The cylinder cell depth was around 20–50 µm and had highly précised and consistent engraved cells 9. EME was the process, where a cell was engraved on the hard copper plated cylinder by a fully automatic process 8. The chemical etching method was the manual method and variable factors like strength of chemical, etching perfection were having the drawback of cell variation so later on, this process was replaced by EME 7. ferric chloride) to remove the copper metal from a designated area of the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio (gravure cylinder) on the plated and polished copper metal as per required graphic design. The engraving process could be done by mechanical, chemical, laser and electro-chemical or electro-mechanical method 3, 4, 5, 6 The chemical etching method of engraving was based on using strong acid or mordant (e.g. ![]() This cylinder was used for digging the engraving cell on the surface of copper plated cylinder to hold the ink so that only the intentional lines would be able to transfer the ink. Printing cylinder is a copper-plated and polished surface like a mirror-image appearance without scratches and lines. For printing the flexible packaging materials following are required for the printing process like printing cylinder, inks, solvents, substrate and printing machine mainly. Printing was defined by any reproduction activity of text and/or images in which, with the use of an image carrier like printing cylinder or plate for transfer of ink on paper or polymer substrate 2. Printing is the key process of packaging to attract the consumer and promote the sales appeal of a package. Gravure printing also named as rotogravure printing or Intaglio printing was principally long-run or higher production quantity, high-speed, and high-quality printing method 1. The consumption trend of the flexible packaging market rapidly growing globally, and it was anticipated to grow from USD 102 billion in 2017 and to reach USD 132 billion by 2022, at an expected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2%.
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